Glossary

Glossary Index

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL

A
Acceptable	The condition whereby authentic product meets and thereby satisfies all legal and contractual requirements, including the manufacturer's specification.

Accreditation	The means by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that an audit organization is competent to carry out specific tasks and provides assurance to end users in the public and private sectors that the audit organization continues to operate according to internationally-accepted criteria.
	Source: SAE, AS5553 Rev. A Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition
Acid Etching	The use of acid to remove original component manufacturer markings resulting in a smoother or washed away surface appearance.

Acoustic Microscopy AM	Process that creates an image using ultrasound to view a specimen’s surface or subsurface features, including defects and damage. See J-STD-035 for more information about Acoustic Microscopy.
	Source: IPC/JEDEC, J-STD-020D.1: Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices
Active Discrete Components Discrete Components Passive Discrete Components	Discrete components are simply defined as single element (circuit) electronic devices. Discrete devices are subgrouped by passive (primarily to regulate voltage and current flows, although they cannot achieve power gain) and active (switching devices, with the exception of LED). Most commonly and for relevance in inspection methodologies, passive discrete components do not contain a silicon wafer while active components do. Active Discrete components increase the power of a signal and must be supplied with the signal and a source of power. The signal is fed into one connection of the active device and the amplified version taken from another connection. In a transistor, the signal can be applied to the base connection and the amplified version taken from the collector. The source of power is usually a direct current voltage from a battery or power supply. Examples are bipolar transistors, field effect transistors, light emitting diodes (LED), metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFED), etc. Passive Discrete components do not increase the power of a signal. They often cause power to be lost. Some can increase the voltage at the expense of current, so overall there is a loss of power. Examples are resistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes (the latter is a special case).
	Sources: IDEA Standard IDEA-STD-1010-B Acceptability of Electronic Components Distributed in the Open Market, Rev. B and White Horse Laboratories, Ltd
Aerospace Industries Association AIA	The Aerospace Industries Association represents the nation's leading manufacturers and suppliers of civil, military, and business aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aircraft systems, space systems, aircraft engines, missiles, materiel and related components, equipment, services and information technology. The association concentrates on issues covering civil aviation, space, national security, international and procurement & finance. In addition the association has offices for Communications, Legislative Affairs, and Membership Services, the Supplier Management Council, the Team America Rocketry Challenge and the Aerospace Research Center.
	Source: AIA website
Aftermarket Manufacturer Authorized Aftermarket Manufacturer	A manufacturer that meets one or more of the following criteria: The manufacturer is authorized by the OCM to produce and sell replacements parts, usually due to an OCM decision to discontinue production of a part. Parts supplied are produced from materials that have been Transferred from the OCM to the Aftermarket Manufacturer, or Produced by the Aftermarket Manufacturer using OCM tooling and intellectual property (IP). The manufacturer produces parts using semiconductor dice or wafers, manufactured by and traceable to an OCM, that have been properly stored until use and are subsequently assembled, tested, and qualified using processes that meet technical specifications without violating the OCM's intellectual property and intellectual property rights. The manufacturer produces parts through emulation, reverse-engineering, or redesign, that match the OCM's specifications and satisfy customer needs without violating the OCM's intellectual property and intellectual property rights. In any case, the Aftermarket Manufacturer must label or otherwise identify its parts to ensure that the "as shipped" aftermarket manufactured part should not be mistaken for the part made by the OCM. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors A company engaged in the manufacture of electronic products initially but no longer produced by an original component manufacturer. Source: Defense Industrial Base Assessment: Counterfeit Electronics prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Technology Evaluation A manufacturer that meets one or more of the following criteria: The manufacturer is authorized by the OCM to produce and sell replacement EEE parts, usually due to an OCM decision to discontinue production of an EEE part. EEE parts supplied are produced from materials that have been: Transferred from the OCM to the aftermarket manufacturer, or Produced by the aftermarket manufacturer using OCM tooling and/or intellectual property (IP). Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

AIA Aerospace Industries Association	The Aerospace Industries Association represents the nation's leading manufacturers and suppliers of civil, military, and business aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aircraft systems, space systems, aircraft engines, missiles, materiel and related components, equipment, services and information technology. The association concentrates on issues covering civil aviation, space, national security, international and procurement & finance. In addition the association has offices for Communications, Legislative Affairs, and Membership Services, the Supplier Management Council, the Team America Rocketry Challenge and the Aerospace Research Center.
	Source: AIA website
AIR6273	This document is to be used and cited as a standard reference by other SAE G-19 Committee documents that address the mitigation of Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts. Date Published: Work in Progress
	Source: SAE website
Allocated Allocation	Shortage of availability of a component due to long lead times from the manufacturer.

Allocation Allocated	Shortage of availability of a component due to long lead times from the manufacturer.

AM Acoustic Microscopy	Process that creates an image using ultrasound to view a specimen’s surface or subsurface features, including defects and damage. See J-STD-035 for more information about Acoustic Microscopy.
	Source: IPC/JEDEC, J-STD-020D.1: Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices
Approved Supplier	Suppliers that are assessed and determined to provide acceptable fraudulent/counterfeit parts risk mitigation processes.
	Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors
ARP	SAE International's designation prefix for Aerospace Recommended Practice (e.g. SAE ARP6178).

ARP6178	This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice is applicable for all organizations that procure electronic components from sources other than the original component manufacturer. It is especially applicable for assessing distributors that sell electronic components without contractual authorization from the original component manufacturer. Date Published: 2011-12-19 Issuing Committee: G-19dr Distributor Risk Characterization
	Source: SAE website
ARP6178	This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice is applicable for all organizations that procure electronic components from sources other than the original component manufacturer. It is especially applicable for assessing distributors that sell electronic components without contractual authorization from the original component manufacturer. Date Published: 2011-12-19 Issuing Committee: G-19dr Distributor Risk Characterization
	Source: SAE website
AS	SAE International's designation prefix for Aerospace Standard(s) (e.g. SAE AS5553A, SAE AS6081, SAE AS9120).

AS5553A	This standard, developed by SAE, is for use by organizations that procure and/or integrate electronic parts and/or assemblies containing such items. The requirements of this standard are generic and intended to be applied/flowed down through the supply chain to all organizations that procure electronic parts and/or assemblies, regardless of type, size and product provided. The mitigation of fraudulent/counterfeit EEE parts in this standard is risk-based and will vary depending on the desired performance or reliability of the equipment/hardware. Revision Number: A Date Published: 2013-01-21 Issuing Committee: G-19ci Continuous Improvement
	Source: SAE website
AS6081	This SAE Aerospace Standard standardizes practices to: a. identify reliable sources to procure parts, b. assess and mitigate risk of distributing fraudulent/counterfeit parts, c. control suspect or confirmed fraudulent/counterfeit parts, d. and report suspect and confirmed fraudulent/counterfeit parts to other potential users and Authority Having Jurisdiction. Date Published: 2012-11-07 Issuing Committee: G-19d Distributor
	Source: SAE website
AS6171	This document standardizes practices to detect suspect counterfeit electronic parts, to maximize the use of authentic parts, and to ensure consistency across the supply-chain for test techniques and requirements. Date Published: Work in Progress
	Source: SAE website
AS6174A	This SAE Standard standardizes practices to: a. maximize availability of authentic materiel (made from the proper materials using the proper processes with required testing,) b. procure materiel from reliable sources, c. assure authenticity and conformance of procured materiel, d. control materiel identified as counterfeit, and e. report counterfeit materiel to other potential users and government investigative authorities. Revision Number: A Date Published: 2014-09-27 Issuing Committee: G-21 Counterfeit Materiel Committee
	Source: SAE website
AS6301	The criteria in this document is to be used by accredited Certification Bodies (CBs) to determine compliance and grant certification to AS6081, Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition - Distributors. Date Published: Work in Progress
	Source: SAE website
AS6462	This set of criteria is to be utilized by accredited Certification Bodies (CBs) to establish compliance, and grant certification to AS5553, Aerospace Standard; Counterfeit Electronic Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition. Revision Number: A Date Published: 2014-08-26 Issuing Committee: G-19c Standards Compliance Verification
	Source: SAE website
AS6496	This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) identifies the requirements for mitigating counterfeit products in the Authorized Distribution supply chain by the Authorized Distributor. If not performing Authorized Distribution, such as an Authorized Reseller, Broker, or Independent Distributor, refer to another applicable SAE standard. Date Published: 2014-08-20 Issuing Committee: G-19ad Authorized Distributor Committee
	Source: SAE website
AS9003A	This standard includes selected quality system requirements from ISO 9001:2008[1] and AS9100:2009 applicable to noncomplex products and associated manufacturing processes. ISO 9001 text incorporated into this standard appears in standard font; while aviation, space, and defense industry additional requirements, definitions, and notes are presented in bold, italic text. The requirements of this standard are intended to be applied in whole, without any exclusions. Compliance with all corresponding AS9100 requirements is considered to meet/exceed compliance with the requirements of this standard. The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence. The process approach described in ISO 9001 and AS9100 applies to this standard. Revision Number: A Date Published: 2012-07-31 Issuing Committee: G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (Aaqsc)
	Source: SAE website
AS9100	This International Standard specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide product that meets customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the term 'product' only applies to a) product intended for, or required by, a customer, b) any intended output resulting from the product realization processes. NOTE 2 Statutory and regulatory requirements can be expressed as legal requirements. Revision Number: C Date Published: 2009-01-15 Issuing Committee: G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (Aaqsc)
	Source: SAE website
AS9120	This standard includes ISO 9001:2008 quality management system requirements and specifies additional aviation, space and defense industry requirements, definitions and notes as shown in bold, italic text. It is emphasized that the requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence. Revision Number: A Date Published: 2009-06-29 Issuing Committee: G-14 Americas Aerospace Quality Standards Committee (Aaqsc)
	Source: SAE website
Assembly Cross Checking	The verification of a bill of assembly against a list of known nonconforming parts such as ERAI’s High Risk Parts Database.

Authenticate	The process of using inspections, tests, or other methods to determine whether a part or materiel has been knowingly misrepresented by a contractor or supplier and is considered a counterfeit part or materiel. Parts or materiel which have passed the authenticity process are considered to be authentic, valid versions of items.
	Secretary of the Navy SECNAV INSTRUCTION 4855.20
Authorized (Franchised) Distribution Authorized Distribution	Transactions conducted by an OCM-Authorized Distributor distributing product within the terms of an OCM contractual agreement. Contractual agreement terms include, but are not limited to, distribution region, distribution products or lines, and warranty flow down from the OCM. Under this distribution, the distributor would be known as an Authorized Distributor. Franchised Distribution is considered synonymous with Authorized Distribution. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors Transactions conducted by an organization distributing product within the terms of a contractual agreement with the Original Component Manufacturer. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

Authorized Aftermarket Manufacturer Aftermarket Manufacturer	A manufacturer that meets one or more of the following criteria: The manufacturer is authorized by the OCM to produce and sell replacements parts, usually due to an OCM decision to discontinue production of a part. Parts supplied are produced from materials that have been Transferred from the OCM to the Aftermarket Manufacturer, or Produced by the Aftermarket Manufacturer using OCM tooling and intellectual property (IP). The manufacturer produces parts using semiconductor dice or wafers, manufactured by and traceable to an OCM, that have been properly stored until use and are subsequently assembled, tested, and qualified using processes that meet technical specifications without violating the OCM's intellectual property and intellectual property rights. The manufacturer produces parts through emulation, reverse-engineering, or redesign, that match the OCM's specifications and satisfy customer needs without violating the OCM's intellectual property and intellectual property rights. In any case, the Aftermarket Manufacturer must label or otherwise identify its parts to ensure that the "as shipped" aftermarket manufactured part should not be mistaken for the part made by the OCM. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors A company engaged in the manufacture of electronic products initially but no longer produced by an original component manufacturer. Source: Defense Industrial Base Assessment: Counterfeit Electronics prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Technology Evaluation A manufacturer that meets one or more of the following criteria: The manufacturer is authorized by the OCM to produce and sell replacement EEE parts, usually due to an OCM decision to discontinue production of an EEE part. EEE parts supplied are produced from materials that have been: Transferred from the OCM to the aftermarket manufacturer, or Produced by the aftermarket manufacturer using OCM tooling and/or intellectual property (IP). Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

Authorized Distribution Authorized (Franchised) Distribution	Transactions conducted by an OCM-Authorized Distributor distributing product within the terms of an OCM contractual agreement. Contractual agreement terms include, but are not limited to, distribution region, distribution products or lines, and warranty flow down from the OCM. Under this distribution, the distributor would be known as an Authorized Distributor. Franchised Distribution is considered synonymous with Authorized Distribution. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors Transactions conducted by an organization distributing product within the terms of a contractual agreement with the Original Component Manufacturer. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

Authorized Distributor	Distributor when they perform Authorized Distribution. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors A company that is authorized by an Original Component Manufacturer (OCM) or Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) to market, store, and ship OCM/OEM products. Source: Defense Industrial Base Assessment: Counterfeit Electronics prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Technology Evaluation

Authorized Reseller	A company that has written authorization signed by a duly authorized representative of the manufacturing organization to sell the manufacturing organization’s parts. NOTE 1 Some authorized resellers purchase directly from the manufacturing organization while others obtain parts directly from an entity authorized by the manufacturing organization. NOTE 2 The authorized reseller is not an authorized distributor, does not stock parts, and may possibly not offer a full manufacturer’s warranty.
	Source: JEDEC Standard No. 243, Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Non-Proliferation for Manufacturers
Authorized Source	Original Component Manufacturers and OCM-authorized sources of supply for a EEE part (i.e., Franchised Distributors, Authorized Distributors), and Authorized Aftermarket Manufacturers. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

Authorized Supplier	Aftermarket Manufacturer, as defined above, and OCM-authorized sources of supply for a part (i.e. Franchised Distributors, Authorized Distributors). NOTE: Some Authorized Suppliers will provide other services which are not authorized by an OCM (e.g. , independent distribution).
	Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors