Glossary

Glossary Index

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E
ECM Electronic contract manufacturing Electronic manufacturing services EMS	Electronic manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, test, manufacture, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronic contract manufacturing (ECM).
	Boy Luethje, Industry and Innovation, Volume 9, Number 3, 227-247, December 2002
EEE Part Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Part	Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical parts are components designed and built to perform specific functions, and are not subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of design use. Examples of electrical parts include resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and connectors. Electronic parts include active devices, such as monolithic microcircuits, hybrid microcircuits, diodes, and transistors. Electromechanical parts are devices that have electrical inputs with mechanical outputs, or mechanical inputs with electrical outputs, or combinations of each. Examples of electromechanical parts are motors, synchros, servos, and some relays. Defined in Section 818, paragraph (f)(2) of PL 112-81-Dec 31, 2011 as “an integrated circuit, a discrete electronic component (including, but not limited to, a transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode), or a circuit assembly.” It also includes any embedded software or firmware. SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors and Secretary of the Navy SECNAV INSTRUCTION 4855.20 Components designed and built to perform specific functions using electric power and/or an electric or electromagnetic signal to demonstrate functionality, which are not subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of design use. NOTE: An electromagnetic signal can consist of the following: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared Waves, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Waves, X-Rays, and Gamma Rays. For a partial list of examples see below: electrical parts include resistors, capacitors, inductors, wire, cables, transformers, and connectors; electronic parts include active devices, such as monolithic microcircuits, hybrid microcircuits, diodes, and transistors; electromechanical parts have electrical inputs with mechanical outputs, or mechanical inputs with electrical outputs, or combinations of each; examples of electromechanical parts are motors, synchros, servos, and some relays which may appear as assemblies but are considered EEE parts. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

EIA/ECA-CB21	A Statement issued by members of EIA/ECA Steering Committee S-1 Date Published: 2005-11
	Source: EIA website
Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Part EEE Part	Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical parts are components designed and built to perform specific functions, and are not subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of design use. Examples of electrical parts include resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and connectors. Electronic parts include active devices, such as monolithic microcircuits, hybrid microcircuits, diodes, and transistors. Electromechanical parts are devices that have electrical inputs with mechanical outputs, or mechanical inputs with electrical outputs, or combinations of each. Examples of electromechanical parts are motors, synchros, servos, and some relays. Defined in Section 818, paragraph (f)(2) of PL 112-81-Dec 31, 2011 as “an integrated circuit, a discrete electronic component (including, but not limited to, a transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode), or a circuit assembly.” It also includes any embedded software or firmware. SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors and Secretary of the Navy SECNAV INSTRUCTION 4855.20 Components designed and built to perform specific functions using electric power and/or an electric or electromagnetic signal to demonstrate functionality, which are not subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of design use. NOTE: An electromagnetic signal can consist of the following: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared Waves, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Waves, X-Rays, and Gamma Rays. For a partial list of examples see below: electrical parts include resistors, capacitors, inductors, wire, cables, transformers, and connectors; electronic parts include active devices, such as monolithic microcircuits, hybrid microcircuits, diodes, and transistors; electromechanical parts have electrical inputs with mechanical outputs, or mechanical inputs with electrical outputs, or combinations of each; examples of electromechanical parts are motors, synchros, servos, and some relays which may appear as assemblies but are considered EEE parts. Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Rev. C Counterfeit Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition

Electronic contract manufacturing ECM Electronic manufacturing services EMS	Electronic manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, test, manufacture, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronic contract manufacturing (ECM).
	Boy Luethje, Industry and Innovation, Volume 9, Number 3, 227-247, December 2002
Electronic manufacturing services ECM Electronic contract manufacturing EMS	Electronic manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, test, manufacture, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronic contract manufacturing (ECM).
	Boy Luethje, Industry and Innovation, Volume 9, Number 3, 227-247, December 2002
Electronic Measurement Tools	Measuring equipment such as multimeters, continuity checkers, and capacitance meters used to measure for continuity, resistance, and capacitance of electronic devices in order to help determine if the part under inspection meets the manufacturer’s specification.
	Source: IDEA Standard IDEA-STD-1010-B Acceptability of Electronic Components Distributed in the Open Market, Rev. B
Electronic Part	Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical parts are components designed and built to perform specific functions, and are not subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of design use. Examples of electrical parts include resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and connectors. Electronic parts include active devices, such as monolithic microcircuits, hybrid microcircuits, diodes, and transistors. Electromechanical parts are devices that have electrical inputs with mechanical outputs, or mechanical inputs with electrical outputs, or combinations of each. Examples of electromechanical parts are motors, synchros, servos, and some relays. Defined in Section 818, paragraph (f)(2) of PL 112-81-Dec 31, 2011 as “an integrated circuit, a discrete electronic component (including, but not limited to, a transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode), or a circuit assembly.” It also includes any embedded software or firmware.
	SAE Aerospace Standard AS6081 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts: Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition – Distributors and Secretary of the Navy SECNAV INSTRUCTION 4855.20
Electronic Resellers Association International	ERAI, Inc. was formerly known as the Electronic Resellers Association International.

Electronic Waste	Discarded electronic devices, assemblies, sub-assemblies, components, and substances involved in their manufacture or use. E-Waste is exported to lesser-developed low wage nations such as China, India and parts of Africa due to mediocre or non-existent environmental standards and working safety laws. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, millions of tons of electronic waste is gathered and exported annually to these regions. Only a small percentage of the waste collected is recycled. The balance of this material is exported overseas to “dismantling shops” where precious metals and electronic components are extracted for resale. This continuous supply of material is fueling the counterfeit market. International treaties are supposed to prohibit and deter the exportation of obsolete computer hardware from developed to developing countries; however, there are loopholes in the system. The waste that is sent to these regions for processing is done so illegally by transporting the goods through alternate ports, disguised as charitable donations or is done despite international laws and with lack of controls. It is well known that China is the largest recipient of E-Waste and that they have found more than one way to profit from global waste disposal. In certain regions of China, entire communities rely on E-Waste and counterfeit component trade as a source of revenue. (Also see ERAI Special Report Titled: A TIME FOR CHANGE)

Electrostatic Discharge ESD	The rapid, spontaneous transfer of electrostatic charge induced by a high electrostatic field. Note: Usually, the charge flows through a spark between two bodies at different electrostatic potentials as they approach one another. Details of such processes, such as the rate of the charge transfer, are described in specific electrostatic discharge models.
	Source: IDEA Standard IDEA-STD-1010-B Acceptability of Electronic Components Distributed in the Open Market, Rev. B and ESDA, ESD ADV1.0-2009: ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic Discharge Terminology.
Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility ESDS	The lowest level level of electrostatic discharge (ESD) that produces changes in device characteristics such that the device fails to meet its specified parameters.
	Source: JEDEC website referencing JESD625-A, 12/99.
Electrostatic Discharge Shield ESD Shield	A barrier or enclosure that limits the passage of current and attenuates an electromagnetic field resulting from an electrostatic discharge. See ANSI/ESD S541, Packaging Materials for ESD Sensitive Items, for more information about ESD shielding and appropriate packaging materials.
	Source: IDEA Standard IDEA-STD-1010-B Acceptability of Electronic Components Distributed in the Open Market, Rev. B and ESDA, ESD ADV1.0-2009: ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic Discharge Terminology.
Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity ESDS	The lowest level level of electrostatic discharge (ESD) that produces changes in device characteristics such that the device fails to meet its specified parameters.
	Source: JEDEC website referencing JESD625-A, 12/99.
EMS ECM Electronic contract manufacturing Electronic manufacturing services	Electronic manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, test, manufacture, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronic contract manufacturing (ECM).
	Boy Luethje, Industry and Innovation, Volume 9, Number 3, 227-247, December 2002
End User	An organization that uses a product. (e.g. NASA, UK MoD, US DoD).
	Source: SAE Aerospace Standard AS5553 Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic Parts; Avoidance, Detection, Mitigation, and Disposition, Rev. A
End-Of-Life Component	A component that will no longer be manufactured by the original component manufacturer.

End-Of-Life Notice PDN Product Discontinuation Notice	A notice issued by an original component manufacturer that confirms that a particular component will no longer be manufactured.

ERAI Smart Logo	The ERAI Smart Logo is a website script provided by ERAI to be placed on a Member’s website throughout a membership term. When a visitor to the Member’s website clicks on the ERAI Smart Logo, they will be presented with a verification of the company’s membership status in the ERAI website.

ERAI, Inc.	ERAI, Inc. is a privately held global information services organization that monitors, investigates and reports issues affecting the global semiconductor supply chain. Since 1995, ERAI tools and services have assisted buyers and sellers from all sectors of the supply chain in preventing loss by mitigating risk in the material purchasing process. Our unique service enables companies to perform industry specific risk mitigation on suspect counterfeit, high-risk and non-conforming parts, as well as, problematic vendors and customers. As the world's largest database of non-conforming material, ERAI is leading the fight against the sale of counterfeit and high-risk components and promoting a higher level of awareness via data-sharing, education, training and networking. The evolving global marketplace has made ERAI a necessary service for anyone involved in the electronic supply chain.

ESD Electrostatic Discharge	The rapid, spontaneous transfer of electrostatic charge induced by a high electrostatic field. Note: Usually, the charge flows through a spark between two bodies at different electrostatic potentials as they approach one another. Details of such processes, such as the rate of the charge transfer, are described in specific electrostatic discharge models.
	Source: IDEA Standard IDEA-STD-1010-B Acceptability of Electronic Components Distributed in the Open Market, Rev. B and ESDA, ESD ADV1.0-2009: ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic Discharge Terminology.
ESD Shield Electrostatic Discharge Shield	A barrier or enclosure that limits the passage of current and attenuates an electromagnetic field resulting from an electrostatic discharge. See ANSI/ESD S541, Packaging Materials for ESD Sensitive Items, for more information about ESD shielding and appropriate packaging materials.
	Source: IDEA Standard IDEA-STD-1010-B Acceptability of Electronic Components Distributed in the Open Market, Rev. B and ESDA, ESD ADV1.0-2009: ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic Discharge Terminology.
ESDS Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility	The lowest level level of electrostatic discharge (ESD) that produces changes in device characteristics such that the device fails to meet its specified parameters.
	Source: JEDEC website referencing JESD625-A, 12/99.
Excess Inventory	Legitimate, genuine new electronic part product held by OCMs, OEMs, authorized distributors, contract manufacturers, and U.S. government agencies.
	Source: Defense Industrial Base Assessment: Counterfeit Electronics prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Technology Evaluation
Exterior Defect	(1) A counterfeit indicator. (2) Defects related to product packaging and/or shipping (e.g. invalid date or lot code, paperwork, product labels, etc.); part leads, balls or columns (e.g. oxidation, exposed copper, scratches, dents, etc.); package (e.g. unidirectional abrasions/sanding, burn marks, inconsistent texture, package mold variations, etc.) See: Physical Defect, Interior Defect Note: “Exterior defects are related to packaging/shipping, leads/balls/columns, and package of a component. The most obvious defects will be ones that are associated with the packaging or shipping the parts arrived in. The leads/balls/columns of an IC can show how the part has been handled if it was previously used. Physically, they should adhere to datasheet specifications, including size and shape. The final coating on the leads should conform to the specification sheet. The package of an IC can reveal significant information about the chip. As this is the location where all model numbers, country of origin, date codes, and other information are etched, counterfeiters will try to be especially careful not to damage anything and to keep the package looking as authentic as possible.”"
	Source: “Counterfeit Integrated Circuits: Detection, Avoidance, and the Challenges Ahead” by Ujjwal Guin, Daniel DiMase and Mohammad Tehranipoor
Extraneous Matter	Substance(s) not normally found on a device.